Precisely Controlled Microsphere Design via Visible‐Light Cross‐Linking of Functional Prepolymers

A new strategy for particle synthesis is enabled by utilizing modern synthetic, polymer, and photochemical techniques to facilitate the synthesis of highly narrow–disperse multifunctional microspheres from visible‐light induced crosslinking of prepolymers in both a single and dual polymer system. The approach requires no stabilizers, bases, or initiators, and proceeds at ambient temperature to yield microspheres with a tunable size range (0.25–5 µm) in less than 4 h, depending largely on solvent composition, but also polymer concentration (2–10 mg mL^?1), ratio, and irradiation intensity (3–20 W). Critically, the visible‐light induced dimerization reaction exploited herein enables simple functional particle syntheses via a single polymer system. Underpinned by an in‐depth kinetic analysis of the particle formation as well as a detailed small molecule study, the mechanism for particle formation is also elucidated. Importantly, inherent advantages of the system are exploited for surface functionalization of residual acrylate and hydroxyl groups (generating inherently fluorescent particles).     

高瓦斯突出矿井底抽巷一巷多用技术研究与实践

胡底煤业为高瓦斯高突出高矿压的三高矿井。对高瓦斯高突出的治理，该矿采用“地面网络预抽、区域模块降量、底抽穿层保掘、高位顺层保采”的四级模式，施工底抽巷，实现“底抽穿层消突、区域模块降量、异巷探测增效、多巷通风治患、循环排矸减压”等“一巷多用”。该4种方法已在1303（上）、1305（上）工作面应用并推广，取得了良好的效果，大大提高了掘进效率且满足抽放、探放水、通风需要；回填矸石初步设计现已经完善，待下一步掘进将实现填矸作用。     

Identifying cooperation for innovation―a comparison of data sources

ABSTRACT

The value of social network analysis is critically dependent on the comprehensive and reliable identification of actors and their relationships. We compare regional knowledge networks based on different types of data sources, namely, co-patents, co-publications, and publicly subsidized collaborative R&D projects. Moreover, by combining these three data sources, we construct a multilayer network that provides a comprehensive picture of intraregional interactions. By comparing the networks based on the data sources, we address the problems of coverage and selection bias. We observe that using only one data source leads to a severe underestimation of regional knowledge interactions, especially those of private sector firms and independent researchers.     

Die Baugesellschaft Gebrüder Rank und ihre spanischen Ziegelgewölbe in München

The Rank construction company and the introduction of brick vaults in Munich after 1945 The construction of vaults without scaffolding with thin bricks has a centuries‐old tradition, particularly in Spain and Italy. Since the beginning of the 19^th century, it has been successfully spread mainly on the American double continent. The Rank Brothers construction company in Munich is known to date as one of those construction companies that began building with concrete in its home city very early on. New investigations, which were made possible above all by the provision of archive material by Paul Basiner, now point to an additional focus of this company's work. The architects and engineers of the company had been also able to familiarise themselves with this traditional Spanish brick‐vaulted construction method via the branch office in Spain, which was established from 1911 on. This knowledge was particularly in demand in the years following World War II, when the destroyed vaults had to be rebuilt with simple means and low material consumption. Together with Carl Sattler, who had become acquainted with similar construction methods in Italy, brick vaults were initially used to complete the construction of the Landeszentralbank in Munich. In the following years, Rank was able to provide many buildings in and around Munich with brick vaults. It was not until the 1960s that this construction technique went out of fashion and was thus somewhat forgotten.     

A Novel Method of Heart Failure Prediction Based on DPCNNXGBOOST Model

The occurrence of perioperative heart failure will affect the quality of medical services and threaten the safety of patients. Existing methods depend on the judgment of doctors, the results are affected by many factors such as doctors’ knowledge and experience. The accuracy is difficult to guarantee and has a serious lag. In this paper, a mixture prediction model is proposed for perioperative adverse events of heart failure, which combined with the advantages of the Deep Pyramid Convolutional Neural Networks (DPCNN) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBOOST). The DPCNN was used to automatically extract features from patient’s diagnostic texts, and the text features were integrated with the preoperative examination and intraoperative monitoring values of patients, then the XGBOOST algorithm was used to construct the prediction model of heart failure. An experimental comparison was conducted on the model based on the data of patients with heart failure in southwest hospital from 2014 to 2018. The results showed that the DPCNN-XGBOOST model improved the predictive sensitivity of the model by 3% and 31% compared with the text-based DPCNN Model and the numeric-based XGBOOST Model.     

地域文化元素在景观设计中的应用探究

景观设计与地域文化元素之间既互相影响又相互作用,在进行设计的时候要将这个地区的文化作为设计的基础,然后在设计的时候两者进行相互融合,这样设计出来的作品才会有更高的文化认同感,而且地域文化也能作为景观设计作者进行创作的源头。     

Report on inaugural workshop RSA ReHi-Network ‘Interdisciplinary connections between history & regional studies’*

The RSA Research Network on Regional Economic and Policy History (ReHi) aims to investigate the role of the historic perspective on regional studies through a series of events. During the inaugural two-day workshop, held in London in April 2017, the participants highlighted historical methodologies and approaches that establish a common thread in the various regional disciplines. They defined interdisciplinary connections that need to be addressed to overcome the discontinuous dialogue among researchers of regional studies and history. The research papers that were presented at the conference focused on improving methodologies, analysing economic strategies, developing techniques, and understanding policy development. The workshop aimed at establishing the foundation for a common research framework to improve the scientific debate and provide impact on regional policy regulations.     

Trends and driving forces of low-carbon energy technology innovation in China’s industrial sectors from 1998 to 2017: from a regional perspective

Low-carbon energy technology (LC) innovation contributes to both environmental protection and economic development. Using the panel data of 30 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities in China from 1998 to 2017, this paper constructs a two-layer logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) model to uncover the factors influencing the variation of the innovation of LC in China’s industrial sectors, including the alternative energy production technology (AEPT) and the energy conversation technology (ECT). The results show that China’s industrial LC patent applications rapidly increased after 2005 and AEPT patent applications outweighed ECT patent applications all the time with a gradually narrowing gap. Low-carbon degree played the dominant role in promoting the increase in China’s industrial LC patent applications, followed by the economic scale, R&D (research and development) efficiency, and R&D share. Economic structure contributed to the increases in LC patent applications in the central and the western regions, while led to the decreases in the eastern region, the north-eastern region, and Chinese mainland Xizang(Tibet) Autonoomous Region is not considered due to lack of data. This note applies to the entire article.. Low-carbon degree and economic scale were two main contributors to the growths of both industrial AEPT patent applications and ECT patent applications in Chinese mainland and the four regions. Several policy recommendations are made to further promote industrial innovation in China.     

Probabilistic characterization of the effect of transient stochastic loads on the fatigue-crack nucleation time

The rainflow counting algorithm for material fatigue is both simple to implement and extraordinarily successful for predicting material failure times. However, it neglects memory effects and time-ordering dependence, and therefore runs into difficulties dealing with highly intermittent or transient stochastic loads with heavy tailed distributions. Such loads appear frequently in a wide range of applications in ocean and mechanical engineering, such as wind turbines and offshore structures. In this work we employ the Serebrinsky–Ortiz cohesive envelope model for material fatigue to characterize the effects of load intermittency on the fatigue-crack nucleation time. We first formulate efficient numerical integration schemes, which allow for the direct characterization of the fatigue life in terms of any given load time-series. Subsequently, we consider the case of stochastic intermittent loads with given statistical characteristics. To overcome the need for expensive Monte-Carlo simulations, we formulate the fatigue life as an up-crossing problem of the coherent envelope. Assuming statistical independence for the large intermittent spikes and using probabilistic arguments we derive closed expressions for the up-crossing properties of the coherent envelope and obtain analytical approximations for the probability mass function of the failure time. The analytical expressions are derived directly in terms of the probability density function of the load, as well as the coherent envelope. We examine the accuracy of the analytical approximations and compare the predicted failure time with the standard rainflow algorithm for various loads. Finally, we use the analytical expressions to examine the robustness of the derived probability distribution for the failure time with respect to the coherent envelope geometrical properties.     

Effect of heat pretreatment before isoelectric solubilisation/precipitation on the characteristics of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) and Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) protein isolates

Heat treatment is a convenient way to eliminate the effects of endogenous enzymes on the industrial production of stable products. This study describes the preparation of protein isolates from oysters (OPI and HOPI) and krill (KPI and HKPI) by isoelectric solubilisation/precipitation (ISP) with or without heat pretreatment and comparatively presents their characteristics. The results showed that the solubilities of HOPI (24.08 ± 1.94%) and HKPI (42.29 ± 0.78%) were higher than those of OPI (13.46 ± 0.78%) and KPI (21.71.46 ± 1.51%), and the free and total sulphhydryl (-SH) content and surface hydrophobicity of HOPI and HKPI were higher than those of OPI and KPI, which are related to higher fat content of HOPI (10.37 ± 0.55%) and HKPI (34.89 ± 1.19%). SDS–PAGE and gel chromatography pattern results showed that macromolecular proteins were degraded by endogenous enzymes in OPI and KPI, while they remained unaffected in HOPI and HKPI. The FT-IR spectra showed similar patterns between OPI and HOPI and between KPI and HKPI. While the essential amino acid content was similar for OPI and HOPI (47.06 ± 1.33% and 47.93 ± 1.02%), that of KPI and HKPI (50.89 ± 0.89% and 51.19 ± 1.11%, respectively) was not significantly different.